How to express 'past perfect' in Japanse

There is a difference between the past form and the past perfect form, but it's easy.

I read this book.

わたしはこの本（ほん）を読（よ）んだ。

(watashiha kono honnwo yonnda)

I have read this book.

わたしはこの本を読んだことがある。

(watashiha kono honnwo yonndakotogaaru)

Just add ことがある to the end of a sentence.

That's all, maybe.

現在、過去、未来 (Present, past and future)

現在形(Present)

わたしは教師（きょうし）です。

I'm  a teacher.

過去形

わたしは教師でした。

I was a teacher.

未来形

わたしは教師になっているでしょう。

I will be a teacher (one day).

です is a linkin verb and changes according to the tense.

is - was - will be

です - でした - いるでしょう

It's simple, isn't it?

Details

わたし（は） I -> subject

教師 a teacher -> complement

です am -> liking verb

「わたしは教師です」の「です」は、日本語では『助動詞』に分類されています。

です is an auxiliary verb called 'jodoshi', which has a function of a liking verb in English and concludes the fact that I am a teacher. If you omit です, they would understand it, although it sounds poetic.

Have a good day.

ひらがな、カタカナ （Japanese alphabet）

あ a い i う u え e お o

か ka き ki く ku け ke こ ko

さ  sa し shi す su せ se そ so

た ta ち chi つ tsu て te  と to

な na に ni ぬ nu ね ne の no

は ha ひ hi ふ fu へ he ほ ho

ま ma み mi む mu め me も mo

や ya ゆ yu よ yo

ら ra り ri る ru れ re ろ ro

わ wa を wo ん n

The above words are called Hiragana（ひらがな）.
We also use Katakana（カタカナ) for English words.

Here's Katakana:

アイウエオ

カキクケコ

サシスセソ

タチツテト

ナニヌネノ

ハヒフヘホ

マミムメモ

ヤユヨ

ラリルレロ

ワヲン

If the word is from overseas, we useally apply Katakana to it.

For exapme, Pen is ペン in Japanese.

Bye.

これが/あれは/これは

This is a pen.

これがぺんです。

That is a pen.

あれがペンです。

It's a pen.

これはペンです。

それはぺんです。

This and that are determiners, so in Japanese we use が instead of は as a determiner.

When you asked "what is this?（これはなんですか）", you could say all of three, but the third(これはペンです）is the best.

I think it's the same as in English.

I'm learning English

Hi, 

Hope you're having a good day.

First of all, please feel free to correct any words I wrote, because I'm learning English now.
I've met a lot of people who taught me English. I really appreciate their help. English works everywhere while Japanese doesn't that much.

But I'm writing some tips here for people learning Japanese, because I have a lot of spare time writing soemthing.

Best